高二英语下知识点总复习教案

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　　11. What makes the ocean such a great place to live? 究竟是什么东西使海洋成为如此优越的生活场所呢？(p.19 第一段倒数第2－1行) ▲ make的用法归纳

　　(1) make + n. + n. 使...① In 1849, Marx went to England and made London the base for his revolutionary work. 1849年马克思到了英国，把伦敦作为从事革命工作的基地。② We made him monitor. 我们选他当班长。

　　▲ 注意：当表示独一无二的职位名词作宾补时，例如：president，chairman，manager等，名词前不加冠词。

　　(2) make + n. + adj. 使...They've made their hometown rich. 他们已使家乡富有了。

　　(3) make + n. + do sth. 使某人做某事 The boss made him work 10 hours a day. 老板让他每天工作10小时。

　　▲ 注意：此句型若变成被动语态，后面的动词前要加"to"，构成"be made to do sth."。He was made to work 10 hours a day．他被迫一天工作10小时。

　　(4) make + n. + 过去分词She couldn't make herself heard. 别人听不到她的话。

　　12. Water is actually quite simple, but the way the water molecule is formed gives water its unique properties. 水实际上很简单，但是水分子组成的方式赋予它独特的特性。(p.19 Chemical Structure 第2－3行)

　　▲way在此处表示"方式"，其后的定语从句的关系代词that或in which均可省去。如：① That's the way I look at it. 这就是我对此的看法。② I don't like the way you laugh at her. 我不喜欢你那样嘲笑她。③ People like the way he wrote. 人们喜欢他写作的方式。④ The way you are doing it is completely crazy. 你这么个干法，简直是疯了。

　　【注】way后面除了跟省去关系代词的定语从句外，还可以跟不定式或动名词，两者之间没有重要的区别。如：①He had no way to communicate with them. 他没有办法和他们取得联系。② There is only one way of doing this properly. 只有一种办法能把这事办好。③ What's the way to address her? 应以怎样的方式称呼她? ④ I have no way of finding out whether they are competent. 我没办法弄清楚他们是否胜任。

　　【注】在in...way作状语时，in也可以省掉。如：① They both answered the same way. 他们都以同样的方式回答。② I'm going to do it my way. 我要按我自己的办法去做。③ You can't do it this way. 你不能这样做。

　　▲unique意为"独特的""独一无二的"。如：① She was a woman of unique talent and determination.她是个具有无与伦比的才能和决心的女人。②The stamp is unique; there are no others like it.这邮票是独一无二的，再也没有像这样的了。③ The area has its own unique language. 这个地区只有一种自己的语言。④ As a writer he has his own unique style.作为作家他有其独特的风格。 ⑤ The young author wrote a unique book about life with city. 那位青年作家写了一本独特的关于这座城市生活的书。

　　13. The water molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. 水分子由二个氢原子和一个氧原子构成。(p.19 Chemical Structure 第3－4行)

　　▲ make up of常用被动式，意为"由......所组成"。如：① The train was made up of 15 coaches. 这列火车有15节车厢。② All living matter is made up of cells. 一切有生命的东西都由细胞组成。③ Paper, for instance, is made up of transparent fibers.例如纸就是由透明纤维构成的。④ New England is made up of six states. 新英格兰包括6个州。

　　▲make up可作"弥补...""赔偿""补足"解。如：① We'll do all we can to make up the economic losses. 我们要尽一切力量弥补这些经济损失。② This will make up for what he lacked in book knowledge. 这就可以补足他所缺少的书本知识。③ The new teacher made up for his inexperience by careful preparation for each lesson. 这位新教师每节课都认真准备，以此弥补自己的经验不足。

　　▲make up亦可作"编选""虚构"解。如：①These dances were made up by the students themselves. 这些舞蹈都是学生们自己编排的。② She made up an excuse to explain her absence. 她编了一套理由来解释自己为什么缺席。③ He asked each of us to make up a dialogue. 他让我们每人编一段对话。

　　▲make up还有"和解""言归于好"之意。如：① She told us about their quarrels and how they made up. 她给我们讲到了他们的争吵以及他们怎样又和好。②When a quarrel has once been made up, the best thing is to forget it.一场争吵和解后，最好是把它忘掉。③They advised him to make things up with his wife. 他们劝他和妻子言归于好。

　　▲make up亦有"做成""铺好"之意。如：① Then they made them up into tablets.然后他们把它们制成了药。② They made up their beds immediately after getting up.他们一起身就把床铺好。

　　14. Because water is polar，it can break down or dissolve both solids and gases. 因为水是带正电的，所以它能分解固体和气体。(p.19 Chemical Structure 第6行)

　　▲break down是个常用词组，我们在高二上册同步讲解中已作过解释，但此处break down作"分解"解。如： ① Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.人体里的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。② The figures on living expenses must be broken down into food, shelter, education, medical bills and so on. 生活消费的数字必须细分为食物类、住房类、教育类、医疗费类等等。③ After many years, rocks broke down into dirt. 岩石经年累月之后分化成尘土。

　　▲break down还有很多解释，常见的有"(身体)垮了""(计划)失败" "(精神)支持不住了"。如：① His health broke down because he had strained himself too much in his work. 他因工作劳累过度而把身体搞垮了。② Marc broke down tearfully when she was told the death of her husband.玛丽听到他丈夫的死时痛哭流涕。③ Their plan has broken down.他们的计划失败了。

　　▲break down可作"(机器等)坏了"解。如：① Then the car I was in broke down. 那时我乘坐的汽车坏了。②When the pumps broke down, they would repair them for us. 水泵坏了，他们就帮我们修。③ The washing machine seems to have broken down again. 洗衣机好像又坏了。

　　▲break down有"中断"之意。如：① He broke down in the middle of his speech. 他讲到一半儿停了下来。② Telephone communication with other cities has broken down. 和其他城市的电话联系中断了。③ That is how the talks broke down. 谈判就是那样中断的。

　　▲break down还"打破""摧毁""制服"之意。如：① Firemen had m break down the wall to save the child. 为了救孩子，消防队员不得不把墙推倒。② We have broken down the resistance of the enemy. 我们已经打垮了敌人的顽抗。③The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察试图压制囚犯的反抗。

　　15. Density is the relationship between mass and volume and is measured in kilogrammes per cubic metre. 密度是指质量和容量的相关程度。它的测量单位是每立方米的公斤数。(p.20 Density 第1行) ▲ measure的用法:

　　(1) 有......之大小 This room measures 6 metres by 4. 这个房间有6米长4米宽。

　　(2) 测量 (长度、大小、重量等) The tailor measured me for a suit. 裁缝给我量尺寸做好西装。

　　(3) 措施；办法 ①They took strong measures against reckless drivers.他们对于鲁莽的驾驶员采取强硬的手段。②If a substance has a higher density, say 5000 kg／m3, it will not float on water. 如果一种物质的密度比水的大，比如5000 kg／m3，那它就不能浮在水上。

　　16. Marine animals and plants take advantage of the density of water. 海洋动物和植物利用了水的密度的特性。(p.20 Density 第4行)

　　▲take advantage of意为"利用""占便宜"。如：① They often took advantage of his lack of experience.他们常常利用他缺乏经验这个弱点。② He took advantage of his friend's kindness.他利用了他朋友的好心肠。③ He didn't want to take unfair advantage. 他不愿意占人便宜。④Jane took advantage of the lunch hour to finish her homework.珍利用午饭时问完成家庭作业。⑤ We took advantage of the fine weather to air quilts. 我们趁好天气晾晒被褥。⑥ They took full advantage of the school's facilities.他们充分利用学校的设施。

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TAG:知识点  高二英语