高二英语下知识点总复习教案

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　　(4) 跟从句 Let's first decide where we should go. 我们先决定到什么地方去。Only you can decide what's best for you. 只有你才能决定什么对你最合适。

　　辨析：decide; determine; resolve; make up one's mind 都有"决定"的意思。decide 指"经过询问、研讨和考虑之后, 在几种可能的选择之中作出决定", 如: She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday. 她决定星期日而不是星期一离开这里。determine指"决心作某一件事而不动摇", 如: We have determined to get the work done ahead of schedule. 我们已经决定要提前完成这项工作。resolve指"打定主意做某事或不做某事", 如: I resolve to study English. 我决定学英语。make up one's mind 指"打定主意""下了决心"；其主语必须是人，不可是物，而且不可用于被动语态。如: He made up his mind not to stay there any longer. 他决定不再在那里呆下去了。

　　拓展：decide for doing sth. 决定做某事; decide in favour of sth. 作出有利......的决定或判决; decide on (upon) 决定，选择(多指从两个或多个可能性中选择); decide between从两者中选择、决定。

　　联想：decided adj. 明确的，坚决的；deciding adj. 起决定作用的；decision n. 决定，决心(同义词) determine；make up one's mind

　　Section II 阅读

　　6. How do they come up with ideas for new inventions? 他们怎么提出新发明的想法的? (p. 59. Pre-Reading 3) / (p. 59 Reading 第一段第二行) 比较：解释3

　　▲ come up with意为"提出""想出"。如：① The teacher asked a difficult question，but finally Tom came up with a good answer. 老师提出了一个难题，但汤姆最后想出了一个好答案。② The magazine recently came up with some advice on smoking. 那本杂志最近就吸烟问题提出了一些忠告。③ I hope you can come up with a better plan than this. 我希望你能想出一个比这个更好些的计划来。④ Scientists will have to come up with new methods of increasing the world's food supply.科学家们必须找出增加全世界食品供应的新方法。⑤ You have no choice but to come up with the ￡18000.你别无选择，必须拿出那一万八千英镑来。

　　【注】come up 也有"被提出来"之意，但主语一般是表示问题、建议、计划等的名词。如：① The program came up for final decision.这一计划被提出来以便作最后决定。 ② These problems will come up for discussion at the meeting. 这些问题会在会议中提出来讨论。③ We solved problems as soon as they came up. 问题一出现我们就解决。

　　【注】 come up with还有"赶上"之意。如：① Let's hurry up so that we may come up with them.咱们快些走，好赶上他们。② We shall have to work hard to come up with the other team.我们得努力干才能赶上另一队的进度。③ I came up with her as she was rounding the corner. 她在拐弯时，我追上了她。

　　【注】come up with可引申为"拿出""提供(一笔钱)"之意。如：① The rich man came up with a large sun of money to those poor students who can't afford their tuition.那个有钱人拿出一大笔钱来给那些因贫困而交不起学费的学生。

　　7. Throughout history, great thinkers have used their creativity and imagination to change the world. 纵观历史，为大的思想家们用他们的创造力和想象力改变了世界 (p. 59 Reading 第一段 第一行) ▲ throughout

　　(1) prep. 遍及We have friends throughout the world. 我们的朋友遍天下。Schools were opened throughout the country. 全国中小学都开学了。

　　(2) prep. 在整个(一段时期) Throughout the summer and autumn he continued to go to the office work. 整个夏秋季节他都连续在办公室上班。

　　(3) adv. 整个地，全部地The timber was rotten throughout.这块木料已经整个儿地腐烂了。

　　(4) adv. 一直地，从头到尾Prices remain stable throughout. 物价始终保持稳定。The house is painted throughout. 这所房子全部油漆一新。

　　8. How do they come up with ideas for new inventions? 他们那些新发明的思想是怎么来的呢? (p. 59 Reading 第一段第二行) ▲ come up with

　　(1) 赶上 We shall have to work hard to come up with them. 我们要努力工作，赶上他们。

　　(2) 提出，提供 I hope you can come up with a better plan than this. 我希望你们能提出比这个更好的计划。

　　拓展：come up 走近，长出; come up against 遭到......; come up to 达到，符合; come out with 发表，出版

　　9. Thinkers who have changed the world do not seem to have much in common. 改变了世界的思想家们似乎并没有很多共同之处。(p. 59. 第一段 第三行)

　　▲ in common意为"共用""共有""共同"，后接介词with时，意为"和...一样"。如： ① The swimming pool is used in common by all the children in the town. 这个游泳池供镇上的孩子共同使用。② They have nothing in common with one another. 他们相互之间没有共同点。③ In common with many people, he prefers classic music to pop.和很多人一样，他喜欢古典音乐，不喜欢流行音乐。④He believed，in common with the majority, that it was tree.他与大多数人一样，认为这是真的。⑤ In common with most Italian lakes, access to the shores of Orta is restr- icted. 和大多数的意大利湖一样，进入奥塔湖滨受到限制。⑥ To my surprise, I found I had a lot in common with this stranger.令我惊讶的是，我发现我与那陌生人有很多相似之处。⑦ He had little in common with his little sister.他与他的小妹妹没有多少共同之处。⑧ Their methods have a lot in common.他们的方法有很多相似之处。

　　【注】 注意out of the common意思是"异乎寻常的" "不平常的"。如：It is something out of the common. 这是异乎寻常的东西。

　　10. It seems that creative thinking,..., is a matter of habits. 人们似乎觉得创造性是关于习惯的问题。(p. 59 Reading 第一段倒数第二行) 比较：U.17 p.51 The best way to help is often simply a matter of opening doors and offering guidance.帮助残疾人的最好办法就是开门提供引导的问题。 ▲ a matter of (关于)......的问题

　　(1) a matter of......的问题，matter意为"事情""问题"。This is a matter of principle. 这是一个原则性问题。It's not a matter of laughing. 这可不是开玩笑的事情。

　　(2) the matter 麻烦事What's the matter with you? Why are you crying? 发生了什么事，干吗哭呢?

　　拓展：a matter of opinion 看法不同的问题；a matter of life and death 生死攸关的事情；as a matter of fact 事实上，其实；no matter what (how，when，where，who...)；无论什么 (怎样，何时，哪里，谁......)；for that matter (for the matter of that) 就此而言；What's the matter with...? ......怎么了? / ......出了什么毛病?；in the matter of... 就......而论； It doesn't matter. 没关系

　　11. Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful,... 假如我们想要成功，知识和学习都是很重要的... (p. 59 Reading 第二段第一行) ▲ knowledge

　　(1) n. 知识，认识Knowledge is power，知识就是力量。

　　(2) n. 知道，了解He has no knowledge of life in the small village. 他对那个小村子的生活不了解。She has a good knowledge of London. 她对伦敦十分熟悉。I have no knowledge of his arrival. 我不知道他来了。

　　辨析：knowledge与learning

　　knowledge泛指一个人通过观察、调查、学习研究而获得的事实或真知灼见，它不仅包含通过正规教育获得的知识，而且包括日常生活中的阅历。

　　learning常指"通过长期的、细致的学习而获得系统的知识，这种知识往往不是肤浅的，而广博的、深奥的"。该词也可指全部学识和智慧的总和，或者科学知识，但更多用于语言、文学、历史、法律等人文学科。This dusty knowledge needs brushing up after the passage of years. 多年以后，这种原先学过的知识需温习一下。They have no direct knowledge of conditions in the East. 他们对东方的情况缺乏直接了解。He is a man of learning. 他是个学问渊博的人。

　　12. ... what we have learnt may also limit our thinking. 我们已经学到手的东西也可能限制我们的思维。(p. 59 Reading 第二段第二行) ▲ limit

　　(1) vt. 限制We must limit our spending. 我们必须限制开销。She limited her conversation to ten minutes. 她将说 话时间限制为10分钟。

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