(1) A is three (four... etc ) times the size (height，length，width，depth，etc) of B。如: ① The new bridge is four times the width of the old one.这座新桥是旧桥的四倍宽。② The meeting room is three times the size of the classroom.会议室是教室的三倍大。③ The tower is three times the height of the building.这座塔是那座楼房的三倍高。④ The river is five times the depth of the brook. 这条河是那条小溪的五倍深。
(2) A is three (four... etc) times as big (high，long，wide，deep，etc) as B。如: ① Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。② This box is three times as heavy as that one.这个箱子是那个箱子的三倍重。③ This new highway is three times as wide as the old one. 新公路是旧公路的三倍宽。④ The classroom is four times as big as our dormitory.教室是我们寝室的四倍大。
(3) A is three (four...etc) times bigger (higher，longer，wider，deeper etc) than B. 如：① The meeting room is three times bigger than our office.会议室比我们办公室大三倍(会议室是我们办公室的四倍大)。② Asia is three times larger than Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
【注】用times表示倍数，一般只限于表示基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数，表示两倍不用two times，而用twice或double。如：① My income is now double what it was.我的收入是以前的两倍。② Now the number of sheep is more than double that of 1990.现在羊的数目是一九九。年的两倍多。
10. ... I would still take my pound of flesh. 我还是要拿回我应得的那一磅肉。(p. 67 Reading 第十行)
flesh: (1) 肌肉，肉A fat man has a great deal of flesh. 胖子肉多。(2) 肉体 The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak. 心有余而力不足。
辨析：flesh与meat的区别
(1) flesh和meat都解释为肉，但涵义有所不同，flesh指人和动物身上的肉，如指食用肉，则来指兽类的肉，不包括鱼禽类的肉。如：① Mr Green is losing flesh.格林先生瘦了。② Have you ever tasted the flesh of the snake? 你尝过蛇肉吗? ③ You should get up early and do some exercise. Otherwise, you'll put on flesh. 你应该早起锻炼，否则会发胖的。④ The Great Wall was made not only of stone and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men. 长城不仅是用石头和泥土砌成的，而且是由几百万人的血肉所组成的。
(2) meat指供食用的肉，是兽类肉的总称；如pork，mutton，beef可统称为meat；有时也指植物的肉。如：the meat of an apple。① What kind of meat is it? 这是什么肉? ② I like meat while my brother likes fish. 我喜欢吃肉，而我弟弟喜欢吃鱼。
【注】 meat是不可数名词，"一块肉"是a piece of meat；"一磅肉"是a pound of meat, 我们看到的meats是指多种肉。
11. Shylock, how can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none? 夏洛克，如果你对别人一点都不仁慈，你自己怎么能希望得到别人对你的仁慈呢？(p. 67 Reading 第十三行) ▲ hope for
hope for意为"希望""盼望。如：① Hope for the best, prepare for the worst. 抱最好的希望，作最坏的准备。② After this dry weather，people all hope for rain.经过了这段干旱，人们普遍希望下雨。③ We hope for better weather soon.我们希望天气尽快好转。④ This time they really hoped for better results. 这次他们的确希望取得较好的成果。⑤ How I hoped for his speedy recovery! 我多么希望他早日康复啊! ⑥ That would be too much to hope for. 那是期望过高了。
【注】hope后不能跟名词，但可以跟介词短语。如"盼望下雪"，不能 说成hope snow，而应该说hope for snow；hope可以跟不定式作宾 语，但不定式不能作宾语补足语。例如我们不能说I hope you to come soon，而应该说I hope that you'll come soon。
辨析：hope for；wish for与long for
这三个词组都可作"希望、愿望"讲，但含义略有区别：
① hope for指盼望得到好的或有好结果，这种希望或能实现或实现不了。
② wish for常指想拥有很难得到的东西。
③ long for指强烈的愿望或渴望，语气最强。
How I wish for a pair of wings! 我多么希望有一双翅膀啊! How he longs for a sense of being able to do things! 他多么渴望有能力办成事情啊!
拓展：pay for 为......付钱；fight for 为......而战；for all 尽管；for good 长期地；for nothing 不收费
12. I desire my pound of flesh. 我想要我的那一磅肉。(p. 67 Reading 倒数第六行) ▲ desire的用法
(1) desire意为"期望""想""希望"，后接名词或代词。如: ① All he desired then was some spare time for study. 那时候他想的只是有些空余时间进行学习。② I desire rest after such a long walk.在那么长的散步后，我很想休息一下。③ The stranger said that he desired an interview. 那个陌生人说他希望受到接见。④ He couldn't well express his feelings however much he desired it.他没法恰当地表达出他的感情，不管他多么想这样做。
(2) desire后可跟不定式作宾语。如: ① She had never desired to do anything like that. 她从来没希望做这样的事。② There are a number of things that I desire to say. 有几件事我想讲一下。③ She desires to go south. 她希望去南方。④ There's one small point which I should desire to clear up. 有一个小问题我想澄清一下。
(3) desire偶尔也可跟不定式作宾语补足语。如:① What do you desire me to do? 你希望我做什么? ② They desired him to go there at once.他们希望他马上到那里去。
(4) desire也可作"请求""要求"解释，后面接宾语从句。在从句中常用虚拟语气，即should + 动词原形。如：① He desired that all letters should be burnt after his death.他请求在他死后把全部信件烧掉。② She desired that you should go and see her at once. 她请你马上去见她。③ The doctor desired that we should wait. 医生请求我们等一等。 ④ The teacher desired that all the exercises should be handed in before school was over.老师要求所有的作业在放学前交出。
13. Enter Portia, dressed as the judge. 鲍西亚走进法庭，穿着法官制服。(p. 67 Reading 倒数第五行)
▲ dress的一种用法: 在本课中作"打扮自己"解释，常用于短语dress up as sb. 或 dress up for sth.。如: ① They all dress up as PLA men.他们都打扮成解放军模样。② The little boy likes to dress himself as a policeman. 这小男孩喜欢扮成警察。③ They tried to dress him up as a "national hero".他们想把他打扮成一个"民族英雄"。④ She dressed up in Elizabeth costumes for the fancy dress ball. 她穿上伊丽莎白时代的服装去参加化装舞会。⑤ Mary Was dressed up to play Cinderella. 玛丽化好装，扮演灰姑娘。
14. Greetings, learned judge! I do not envy you your job.您好，博学的法官，我并不嫉妒您的工作。(p. 67 Reading 倒数第四行) ▲ greetings
(1) greeting的意思是"问候语...'招呼(或动作)"，包括Hello / Hi / Good morning (after noon，evening) / Welcome / How are you等见面时的问 候，也包括在节日致以的问候，如Merry Christmas / Happy New Year /Happy birthday等，在本课中，直接用Greetings是一种非常正式的问候语，用在极为正式的场合说话者带有一种很恭敬的语气的情景中。如：① "Greetings, Reverend" he said respect- fully. 他恭敬地说："牧师，您好"。
(2) greetings可表示"祝愿""祝贺""问候语"，如我们常看到的圣诞卡片上的词语Season's Greetings致节日的问候、birthday greetings生日贺词、Christmas Greetings圣诞快乐以及greeting card贺卡等。
▲ envy (1) 羡慕；嫉妒 My success excited his envy. 我的成功引起了他的嫉妒。(2) vt. 嫉妒；羡慕 常用予 v.+ n. / pron. 或 v. + n. / pron. + n. / pron. (双宾) 结构。John envied his friend's success. 约翰嫉妒朋友的成功。I envy you your good fortune. 我羡慕你的好运。
注意：① envy后接两个宾语时，这两个宾语都是直接宾语，都可以直接和动词连用。② envy后不接从句。③ envy作名词时，其后接介词at或of。如：The boy's new toy was the envy of his friends. 这个男孩的新玩具是他的朋友妒忌的对象。
▲ envy也可以作名词用，为不可数名词，后接介词at，of或toward。① They only say such unkind things about you out of envy.他们是出于忌妒才讲了你那么多的坏话。 ② He felt envy at my success.他羡慕我的成功。③ His envy of his brother soon turned into jealousy. 他对哥哥的羡慕很快变成了忌妒。
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