注意：当dream表示"梦想到"时，常用于否定句中，后面可接带不定式的复合结构或that-clause(从句通常用将来时)。如：I never dreamed her to go to college. = I never dreamed that she would go to college. 我连做梦也没想到她会上大学。
(2) vi."做梦；梦见；向往"，常用的结构为：dream of + n. / doing sth.。She said that she had dreamed of you. 她说她梦见过你。The people all over the world dream of peace.全世界人民向往和平。
(3) n."梦；心愿；愿望"，为可数名词。Last night I had a good／bad／wonderful／strange dream. 昨晚我做了一个好／坏／美／奇怪的梦。His dream has come true. 他的愿望实现了。
5. Martin Luther King. Jr gave a speech to thousands of black people who marched on Washington DC. 马丁.路德.金给成千上万在华盛顿特区游行的黑人发表了演说。 (P.28 第一段第1－2行)
★on此处作介词，意为"朝向" "向......方向"，是正式用语。如：① The workers marched on the Capital. 工人向国会大厦进发。②Take the first turning on your right.在第一个路口向右拐。③ Fortune smiled on his enterprise.他的企业兴旺发达。④ Ellen is eating，her eyes on her food. 海伦吃东西时两眼盯着食物。
【注】on作副词用时，也有"向前"之意。如：① If you walk on, you'll come to the church. 如果你再向前走，就到教堂了。② If any letters come while you are away, shall I send them on? 如果你不在的时候有信来，我是不是要转寄给你? ③ The two strolled on, arguing. 两人辩论着往前溜达。④There's no use staying on. 继续呆下去没有用。
6. At that time in the southern states, blacks were not treated as equal citizens. 那时在南方各州黑人不被当作平等的公民对待。（P.28 第二段 第1－2行）
★ 动词treat与as或like连用，表示"把......当作......看待"。如：① They treated me as one of the family.他们把我当家里人看待。②Why do you treat the matter as a joke? 你为什么把这件事当作玩笑呢? ③They treated each other like brothers. 他们亲如手足。④ He didn't want to be treated as a distinguished guest. 他不愿别人把他当上宾对待。⑤ She treated me as if I were a child. 她把我当作小孩看待。
▲treat可作"探讨""处理""讨论"解。如：① This problem has been treated by many experts. 这个问题已有很多专家探讨过了。②The novel treats the subject of justice. 这部小说的主题是正义。③ The theme of the play is skillfully treated. 这个剧的主题处理得很巧妙。
▲treat亦有"款待""待客"之意。如：① Let me treat you to a good meal.我请你吃一顿好的吧! ②I think I'll treat myself to a holiday in Guilin next year.我想明年去桂林好好地度个假。③ He treated his friends to a soda, and they treated him to a movie.他请他的朋友们喝汽水，他们请他看电影。 【注】treat作上述"款待""待客"解释时，与介词to连用。
▲treat与of连用时，表示"论述""推论"。如：① The report treats of the progress of cancer research. 该报告论述了对癌症研究的进展情况。② He treats of his subject scientifically.他科学地论述了他的题目。③ This lecture treats of the history of Ireland. 这一讲座论述了爱尔兰的历史。
【注】treat还可作"治疗"解释，请参见《1+1同步讲解》高二上册第228页。
7. King fought for political rights for black people in the USA. 金为美国黑人的政治权利而战斗。(P.28第三段第1行)
★ fight
(1) vt. & vi. 打仗、打架、奋斗、战斗 如：Did your father fight in the last war? (fight作不及物动词) 你父亲参加上一次的战斗了吗? If we all fight (against) pollution, we'll have a cleaner world (fight作及物动词，不加介词) 如果我们都同污染作斗争，我们将拥有一个更干净的世界。They fought the enemy to the end. 他们同敌人战斗到底。
(2) n. 战斗、搏斗、拳击赛The police were called in to stop the fight. 警察被叫来阻止这场争斗。The fight against pollution goes on. 反对污染的斗争在继续。
辨析：fight against，fight with与fight for
fight against意为"为反对......而战"；fight with既可表示"和...作斗争"，相当于fight against，也可表示"和......并肩作战"；fight for意为"为争取......而斗争"。如：Who'll fight with you for better working conditions? 谁会和你一起为争取更好的工作条件而斗争? The slaves were fighting for their freedom. 奴隶们为争取自由而斗争。Two dogs fought for a bone，and a third runs away with it. 鹬蚌相争，渔翁得利。They fought against the Japanese during the Anti-Japanese War. 在抗日战争期间，他们曾经同日本人打过仗。You should be ready to fight against difficulties. 你们应该准备同困难作斗争。The slaves fought against / with the slave owners for their freedom. 奴隶们为了争取自由而和奴隶主们进行斗争。England fought with France against Germany in the First World War. 在第一次世界大战中，英国和法国一起为反对德国而战。
8. By doing this, he set all example to the rest sections of the world. 他以此给世界其他地区树立了榜样。(P.28 第三段 第1－2行)
★ by为介词，表示方式、方法、手法，现将其用法归纳如下：
(1) by + n. (名词前无冠词)。如：by mail / post / fax / radio / telephone / telegraph / telegram...
(2) by + doing结构。如：by increasing／speaking／teaching／begging... He earns his living by teaching. 他以教书为主。The six blind men made their living by begging. 那6个盲人靠要饭为生。
(3) by + n. (表交通路线、工具的名词)。如：by land／road／rail／train／bus／jeep／car／taxi／truck／bike; by sea／water／ship／boat; by air／plane
(4) by + n. (表面积、体积等的名词)。如：by area / volume / weight / length / width / height / depth...
(5) by + the + n. (表度量衡的名词)。如：by the hour / day / week / month / year / kilogram / yard / metre...
In England, sugar is sold by the pound, eggs by the dozen and cloth by the yard. 在英国，糖是按磅卖，蛋是按打卖，布是按码卖。
▲by和with都可以用来表示某人如何做某事，但这两个词之间有重要区别：by用于表示动作或方式，后跟动名词或抽象名词；而with 通常表示用的是什么工具或其他具体的东西。试比较： ① I killed the spider by hitting it. 我拍死了蜘蛛。(动作) ② I killed the spider with a notebook. 我用笔记本把蜘蛛打死了。(工具) ③ He got what he wanted by talking cleverly. 他由于说话灵巧而得到了他想要的东西。(动作) ④ He got what he wrested with flowers and chocolates. 他靠鲜花和巧克力得到了他想得到的东西。(具体的东西) ⑤ The street is lighted by electricity. 街道用电照明。(方式) ⑥ The street is lighted with lights.街道用电灯照明。(工具)
▲在被动语态的句子中，by表示执行动作的人或东西，with表示所用的工具。试比较下列句子：① Tile bird was killed by a cat. 那只吗是被猫弄死的。(猫是动作执行者) ② The bird was killed with a stone. 那只鸟是用石头打死的。(未说明执行者) ③ He was killed by a heart stone. (A stone fell and killed him.) 他被一块大石头砸死了。④ He was killed with a heavy stone. (someone used a stone to kill him.) 他是被人用石头砸死的。
★ rest意为"其余的人"或"剩余物"，与定冠词连用，作主语时如代表复数名词，则谓语动词要用复数形式，如代表不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式。如：① These are mine; Robert, the rest are yours. 这些是我的，罗伯特，剩下的是你的。② Mary and Beth will go to the movies and the rest of the girls are to go shopping. 玛丽和贝思要去看电影，其余的女孩则要去购物。③ One of the books is written in Chinese, and the rest are English. 那些书中有一本是中文的，其余都是英文的。④ Only 55 percent of the raw material is canned. The rest is thrown away, or fed to cows.只有55％的原材料做了成罐头，其余的不是扔了就是成了牛的饲料。
9. His message was that black people should not be separated but should be treated with respect in the same way as other people. 他的理想是黑人不应该被分隔开，应该像其他人一样受到尊重。(P.28 第三段 第2－3行)
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