辨析：envy与jealousy 这两个词都有"嫉妒"的意思。jealousy着重对别人占有的东西恼恨不满。envy着重由于别人获得了自己本想获得的东西或成就而产生不快。如：His envy of his brother soon turned to jealousy. 他对弟弟的嫉妒很快变成了恼恨。
联想：admire 钦佩、赞赏；envious adj. 羡慕的；嫉妒的；enviously adv. 羡慕地；嫉妒地
15. This is a most troublesome case. 这是一个非常麻烦的案子。(p. 67 Reading 倒数第三行) ▲ most
(1) most adv. 常与两个音节以上的 adj. 或 adv. 构成最高级；adj. 最高级要加定冠词the，而adv. 最高级前可加可不加the。如：This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. 这是我所看到的最有趣的电影。 She works (the) most carefully in her office. 她是办公室里工作最仔细的。
(2) adv. 最 What people like most about the doctor is his kindness. 人们最喜欢这医生的一点是他很和蔼。
(3) (用于强调)非常；得 She was a most beautiful woman. 他是个很美丽的女人。
(4) adj. 几乎全部的，大多数的。He has visited most countries in Europe. 他访问过欧洲大多数国家。
(5) n. 几乎全部，大部分 I was in London most of the time. 大部分时间我在伦敦。
联想：mostly adv. 大部分地；通常地、主要的
拓展：at most至多不超过，for the most part大部分，多半，most of多数的
16. Please be seated. 请坐。(p. 67 Reading 倒数第一行)
▲ seat
(1) seat是及物动词，后必须跟宾语或用被动语态形式。如: ① The young couple seated themselves upon a bench that stood by the lake. 这对年轻的夫妇在湖畔的长椅上坐下。 ② He seated himself near the window and began to read. 他坐在窗户附近开始读书。③ She was seated at the piano with her back to them. 她坐在钢琴旁，背对着他们。 ④ Please be seated, ladies and gentlemen. 女士们，先生们，请坐下。⑤ I seated him in the armchair. 我使他坐在安乐椅上。⑥ Seat the telescope on the tripod. 把望远镜安装在三脚架上。
(2) seat可解释为"能坐......人"。如: ① That big cinema can seat 2000 people. 那家大型电影院能坐两千人。② There are seven waiting room there, seating 17000 people in all. 那里有七个候车室，总共可坐一万七千人。
【注】seat与sit的区别在于前者是及物动词，后者是不及物动词，我们可以说sit down，但不可以说seat down，而应该说He is seated。
17. Do you still ask for this pound of flesh? 你还要求得到那一磅肉吗？(p. 68 Reading 第八行)
▲ ask for, ask about及ask after
(1) ask for在本课中意为"要求(得到)"。如: ① After Oliver finished his bowl of porridge, he asked for more. 奥立弗吃完一碗粥以后要求再添一些。② Everything that was asked for has now been sent. 所要的东西现在全送去了。③ The workers asked for an increase in their pay.工人们要求提高工资。④ She walked up to the counter mad asked for a pound of sugar. 她走到柜台前，要买一磅白糖。⑤ Mr Smith, a lady is asking for you at the door. 史密斯先生，门口有位太太要找您。⑥ He is not the man you are asking for.他不是你要找的那个人。⑦ Has anyone asked for me during my absence? 我不在的时候有人找过我吗? ⑧ Just now someone asked for you on the phone.刚才有人打电话找你。
【注】 ask sb．for sth．意为"向某人要某物""请求给予"。如: ① Ask Xiao Lin for anything you want. 你要什么东西，可以找小林。② They asked the waiter for their bill. 他们向服务员要帐单。
(2) ask about意为"询问" "打听"。如: ① The commander asked about the wounded soldier's condition.指挥员询问了那个伤兵的情况。② He rang up the station office to ask about the trains.他给车站办公室打了个电话询问关于火车的事。
(3) ask after意思是"问候"。如: ① When I met Mrs Smith this morning, she asked after you and the children.今天早晨我碰见史密斯太太时，她问候你和孩子们。② They were all very concerned, and your health was asked after. 他们都很关心，并问候你的身体情况。③ "My mother asked after you." "Oh, how kind of her." "我母亲问候你。""多谢她的好意。"
18. ... and let me tear up this paper. 让我把这张借条撕了。(p. 68 Reading 第十九行)
▲ tear up撕毁，撕碎 ① He tore up the letter angrily and threw it into the waste-paper basket. 他气愤地把信撕掉，扔进废纸篓里。 ② He tore up sheet after sheet of music before producing the happy tune he wanted. 他撕掉一篇又一篇的乐谱，最后才写出他想要的满意的调子。③ John tore up his test paper so that his mother won't see his low grades. 约翰撕碎试卷，以便妈妈看不到他糟糕的成绩。④ Yuan Shikai openly tore up the constitution. 袁世凯公开撕毁了宪法。
▲ tear up有"(完全地)拔起、提起""撕开"之意。如： ① The wind tore up several trees.风把几棵树连根拔起。② Dozens of miles of railway track have been torn up.几十里的火车道被拔起。
▲tear up可作"撕毁(取消)协议、契约"解释。如: ① A contract cannot be tom up at will. 合约不能任意取消。 ② He told the lawyer to tear up the old contract and to prepare a new one. 他告诉律师撤消旧合同，制订一份新的。
▲ tear up也可引申为"飞快地跑上......"之意。如: The sportsman tore up the stairs two steps at a time. 那运动员两级一跨地飞奔上楼。
19. I declare the court allows it and the law gives it to you. 我宣布法庭可以允许这样做，法律把他判给你。(p. 68 Reading 倒数第一行) ▲ declare一词的用法
(1) declare意为"宣布""宣告""声明"，后接名词或从句。如: ① Britain declared war on / against Germany on 3rd, September 1939. 一九三九年九月三日英国对德国宣战。② The colonies declared their independence from England. 这些殖民地宣告脱离英国而独立。③ He declared to us that he bad done the work himself.他一本正经地向我们说他独自完成了工作。④ Charles declared the result of the election.查尔斯宣布了选举结果。⑤ Miss Alice declared that she had nothing to do with it.艾丽斯小姐声称她和这事无关。⑥ She declared that she didn't want to see him any more. 她声称她再也不想见到他了。
(2) declare后面可接复合结构，该复合结构可由形容词、介词短语、不定式、分词充当。如: ① The teacher declared Tom chosen. 老师宣布汤姆被选上了。② The chairman declared the meeting open.主席宣布开会。③ The boys declared themselves against cheating. 男孩子们宣称他们自己也反对欺骗行为。④ They declared his story to be true.他们声明他的说法是真实的。
辨析：announce 与 declare
① announce 宣布 (含有"预告"的意思) It was announced that there would be a celebration on Sunday. 据宣布，星期日要举行庆祝(会)。
② 用announce说个人要做什么事时，常含有"郑重其事"的意思。The boy announced that he was going to try out his toy plane that afternoon. 那男孩向大家宣布，他下午要试飞他的玩具飞机。
③ declare宣布 (如：公开宣布战争、和平、中立、意见等) This power country declared war on that small country. 这个大国向那个小国宣战。
联想：declarer n. 宣告者；declared adj. 公然宣称的 (同) announce announcement n. (可数)通告，布告
拓展：declare oneself 表明自己的立场；declare peace 宣布和平；declare war on (against) 对......宣战
Section III 词汇语法、综合技能
20. Antonio lost all his ship at sea ... Antonio在茫茫大海上丢了所有的船 (p. 69 Language Study Ex.2)
▲ at sea及其他
(1) at sea表示"在茫茫大海上"，意指"离海岸很远"。如: ① Now his ships were all at sea. 现在他的船都出海了。② The ship hit an iceberg and buried at sea.这船撞上了冰山，葬身海底。③ Several ships were lost at sea owing to the hurricane. 由于飓风，好几艘船在海上失踪。
(2) at sea前面加上all或completely时，引申为"茫然不知所措"之意。如: ① I'm all at sea. I can't understand that problem.我简直是一片茫然，我无法理解这个问题。② He was all at sea when he began his new job. 他开始新工作时，茫然不知所措。 ③ Would you please explain it again? I'm all at sea.你能否再解释一下?我一点儿也不懂。④ The girl was completely at sea when her mother scolded her. 当母亲责怪她时，女孩茫然不知所措。
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