高二英语下知识点总复习教案

　　【注】take advantage of sb. 意为"欺骗(捉弄)某人...""利用某人(的弱点)"。如：① He's taking advantage 0f her good nature.他在利用她秉性善良的弱点。② She took advantage of him even after they were divorced. 即使在离婚后，她还在欺骗他。

　　【注】take advantage of意为"利用"，而have the advantage of则意为"胜过......" "对......具有优势..." "具有......的优点"。试看下列例句：① He has the advantage of me in experience. 他在经验方面胜过我。② Cereals have the advantage of being rich in iron. 麦片粥具有富含铁质的优点。

　　【注】表示"利用(机会)"或"利用(时间)"还可以用take the opportunity，take，(one's) time。如：① He likes to take his time over breakfast.他喜欢不紧不慢地吃早饭。②Some of the soldiers took the opportunity the next day to go ashore.第二天有些士兵利用这机会上岸去了。

　　17. Most animals and plants are sensitive to large or sudden changes in temperature,... 大多数的动物或植物对温度大的或突然的改变非常敏感，...(p.20 Heat Capacity 第3行)

　　▲be sensitive to意为"对......敏感"。如：① The eye is sensitive to light. 眼睛对光敏感。② Photographic paper is highly sensitive to light. 照相纸对光十分敏感。③ An artist is sensitive to beauty. 艺术家对美是敏锐的。

　　▲sensitive有"神经质的""神经过敏的"意思。如：① You really must stop being so sensitive about your accent.你实在不必为自己的口音感到烦燥不安。② Don't mention she's put on weight-she's very sensitive about it. 不要说她胖了-她对此非常敏感。

　　▲sensitive可引申为"善解人意的"。如：He is very sensitive to his pupils' need for encouragement and knows when to praise them.他非常理解学生对鼓励的需要，并知道何时表扬他们。

　　【注】另一个词sensible和sensitive一样都是形容词，但意思不同。sensible意为"明智的""合情合理的"。如：① She's very sensible about money.她在金钱方面是非常理智的。②Why don't you do something sensible in your spare time?你为什么不在业余时间干些有意义的事情呢? ③ You are sensible to take his advice. 你听从他的劝告是明智的。

　　18. The water in the oceans also keeps the temperature of the earth steady by absorbing and giving off heat. 由于海水的吸热和释热的作用，从而使地球的温度保持稳定。(p.20 Heat Capacity最后一行) ▲ keep的几种用法

　　(1) keep可用于复合结构，其宾语补足语可以是介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词等。如：① I'll keep the box in the shade. 我将把盒子保存在阴影处。 ② The bad cold kept him in bed for three days. 他得了重感冒，只得卧床三天。③I'm sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。④ It's cold inside．Let's keep the fire burning. 屋里很冷，咱们让炉子烧下去吧。⑤ Don't keep the door closed all day long. 不要整天把门关着。⑥ She keeps the windows covered with curtains. 她总是把窗帘拉着。⑦Sports and games help to keep people healthy. 体育活动有助于健康。⑧ It's blowing hard．and I can hardly keep my eyes open.风刮得很大，我简直睁不开眼。⑨ We should keep the children away from the dangerous animals. 我们不能让孩子们靠近那些危险的动物。⑩ There's a lot of air in loose snow, and this helps to keep the cold out. 松散的积雪里有大量空气，这有利于御寒。

　　(2) keep表示"保存""保管"。如：① How long can I keep this book? 这本书我可以借多久?(不能用borrow) ②Will you keep these boxes for me while I'm away? 我不在时，请你替我保管这几个箱子，行吗? ③This building is about 100 years old, but it has been well kept. 这幢建筑有一百年左右的历史了，迄今还保存完好。

　　(3) keep用作连系动词，后面接形容词作表语。① I hope you're keeping well. 我希望你身体健康。② Keep cool and listen to me. 冷静点，听我说。

　　(4) keep表示"养活""饲养"。如：① Mr Ford has a big family to keep (= support). Ford先生要养活一大家人。② His job is to keep pigs on a farm. 他的工作是在一个农场上养猪。

　　注意：raise表示"从小养到大"，因此我们可以说：① She was raised (=brought up) by her grandmother. (她是由她祖母带大的。) ② He has three children to raise／keep／support. (他要抚养三个孩子。) 在下面句子中不能用raise: He has a wife and two children to keep／support. (他要养活妻子和两个孩子。) 因为这里raise不适用于wife。

　　(5) keep on doing sth. 表示"继续做某事""坚持不懈地，不间断地做某事""反复地做某事"。Go on doing sth. 有时也可表示这些意思。例如：①The farmers kept on working in the fields when it began to rain.下雨的时候，农民们还不停地在地里劳动。②Don't give up，keep on trying. 不要半途而废，要坚持努力。③ Don't keep (on) doing such silly things.不要老是做这样的傻事。

　　▲ 注意：重复性较强的时候，多用keep doing (sth.)。 She kept coughing all night. 她整夜咳嗽。

　　▲ 注意：keep后面接行为动词，不能接sitting，standing，lying，sleeping等表示静态的动词。如：不能说He kept on sitting. 这时应用keep。如：可以说keep lying／standing／sitting there；

　　▲ keep和keep on后均不可接意识性动词如knowing，realizing，understanding等。

　　① There used to be a soldier at the gate to keep watch. 过去大门口通常有一士兵警戒。② They kept close watch on the child's health. 他们密切关注着孩子的健康。③ The police had to keep the crowd back. 警察只好挡住人群。④ She could hardly keep back her tears. 她忍不住哭了。⑤ Once you get in touch with her, you should keep in touch with her. 一旦你与她取得联系，你应与她保持联系。⑥ I'll keep my promise／word and come to help you. 我会信守诺言来帮助你。⑦ The rain kept on (= went on／lasted)several days. 雨一连下了好几天。⑧ I hope the weather will keep up (= stay fine). 我希望这样的天气会持续下去。⑨ Keep up your courage (= Don't lose heart) and never give up. 鼓起勇气，千万不要灰心。⑩ He could hardly keep up with the class though he often works deep into night. 他尽管常用功到深夜但仍很难跟上。? Keep off the door. It's wet painted. 别碰门，刚油漆过。? Shut the door and keep the cold out. 把门关上，不要让寒风进来。? Keep out of trouble while I'm away. 我不在时别闯祸。

　　▲ 拓展：keep watch 警戒；守望; keep close watch on 密切关注; keep...back 阻挡；忍不住; keep in touch with 与......保持联系; keep one's promise 守诺; keep on = go on = last 持续; keep up 保持；鼓起; keep up with 跟上; keep off 远离; keep...out (of) 保持......在外; keep to the right 靠右走; keep to bed 卧床不起

　　▲ steady (1) adj. 坚固的 Hold that candle steady. 把那支蜡烛拿稳。(2) adj. 平稳的；有规律的 The economy is keeping up a steady speed. 经济保持稳定的增长。(3) adj. 不变的；稳定的 We have a steady job.我们有一个稳定的工作。(4) adj. 可靠的；稳健的She needs to marry someone steady. 她必须跟可靠的人结婚。

　　19.This circulation adds energy to the marine ecosys- tems...这种循环使海洋生态系统增加了能量... (p.20 Ocean Motion 第3－4行) add to和add up to

　　▲这两个词组的意思完全不同。前者意为"增加"，后者作"总计"解。如：① Would you please add these names to your list? 请在你的名单上加上这几个名字好吗? ② We have also added t0 our committee two women workers. 我们委员会也吸收了两名女工当委员。③ The music added to our enjoyment of the film. 这部电影的音乐使我们更加喜欢这部电影。④ Every book you need will add to your store of knowledge. 你每读一本书就会增加一点儿知识。

　　▲add up to意为"总数是""加起来是"。如：① The separate numbers add up to 485. 这些单独的数字加起来总数是485。① Seven and nine add up to sixteen. 7加9等于16。① Their knowledge 0f how other people live doesn't add up to much. 他们关于别人生活情况的了解合在一起也没有多少。

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