专题复习
专题一 单项填空 第1讲 冠词
1、冠词分不定冠词和定冠词。不定冠词泛指人或事物中的任何一个;而定冠词用于特指双方都知道的或上文中提到的人或物。这类题解题的关键点在于分清是特指还是泛指。具体做题时可从有无限制性定语以及句意等方面来分析。
eg.① If you grow up in a large family, you are more likely to develop the ability to get on well with / others.
第一空表示泛指“一个”,用a;第二空ability后带有限定性定语,前用the;第三空others,“其他人”,不表特指。
② —— What’s the schedule far this weekend?
—— A greeting ceremony for Professor Smith will be held in the lecture
hall?
Schedule后有for weekend 表示特指,前面用 the;第二空由语境可知表示“一个欢迎仪式”,用a。
③ I knew a John Lennon, but not the famous one.
第一空用在人名前,表示一个叫John Lennon 的人;第二空表示特指。 ④ If we sit near the front of the bus, we’ll have a better view.
from“前面”表示“某空间内部的前部”时,前加冠词the;第二空意为“更好的风景”,表示泛指,用a。
2、表示“一种,一件„„”之类意思的不可数名词前面可加不定冠词。抽象名词具体化时,被具体化的名词可能会与a/an连用。如 a surprise “一件意外的事情”;a pleasure “一件乐事”,a failure “一个失败的人或事”等。
eg ① Jack had feeling of excitement when hearing his article had published in school magazine.
② When armed with an awareness of what you truly value, you are in an
excellent position to pick a career you will find rewarding.
③ It is a great pleasure to go to the cinema after a week’s hard work. ④ It’s a good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives
them / pleasure.
3、复数名词、抽象名词、物质名词表示泛指方面时,不加冠词。要注意分清名词的各类以及是泛指还是特指。
eg ① Hunger is a global health risk, which results from / poverty.
② The survey shows that if people can not afford a house, they will feel less content about / life.
③ Some people fear that / air pollution may bring about changes in the weather around the world.
④ The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that / people from all walks of life are working hard for a new Jiangsu.
4、固定搭配:eg. Have a good/happy time; for a while; at a loss; make the most of; go to the cinema; at the moment; a variety of等。
① In our class, the students leaders are on / duty every / few days. ② Everything comes with a price; there is no such / thing as free lunch in the world.
5、序数词前冠词的使用。要从句意上来分析解答。
“the+序数词”表排序;“a/an+序数词”不表示排序,而表示“又一,再一”。 eg ① In order to find a better job, he decided to study a second foreign language.
② Some of the exercises appear to be the ones that you have done, but after taking a second look, you will find that they are different.
③My husband and I fell in / love with each other the very first time we met.
Do an exercise (随堂效果落实)
第2讲 代词
1、something(somebody) /
anything(anybody)
/
nothing(nobody)
/
everything(everybody) 的用法:
something/somebody 多用于肯定句,anything/anybody多用于疑问句,否定句或条件从句中。但something/somebody 亦可用于表示请求或建议的疑问句中,而 anything/anybody 用于肯定句时意为“任何事(任何人)”;nothing/nobody 是否定意义的不定代词,相当于 not anything/anybody;everything/everybody 一般用于肯定句或疑问句中,用于否定中表示部分否定。
eg ① —Is Mike a diligent student?
—No but he is a lazy one, if anything (如果有不同的话)。
② Low-carbon lifestyle is of great benefit to improve the world environment. Nothing can be enjoyed from it until you have a deep understanding of it, however.
③ —What shall we have for dinner tonight? —Oh, I don’t care. Anything will do.
④ Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.
2、another/the other / the others/others/other 的用法:
another指三者或三者以上中的“另一个”;the other 指两者中“另一个”;但the other 后可接复数名词,表示“其余的那些„„”;the other 指三者或三者以上中的“其余的那些”,表示剩余的全部;others 则指三者或三者以上中的“其余部分中的一些”,表示剩余部分中的一部分,而不是全部;other 不能单独使用,常与 no, some, any 等使用,通常置名词之前作定语。
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