09年职称英语理工类临考攻略精华(1)

　　But an answer may be at hand. Researchers funded by the Europeanmission are beginning tests of a system called E-merge that 2 automatically senses when a car has crashed and sends a text message telling emergency services in the local language that the accident has taken place.

　　The system was 3 developed by ERTIco, a transport research organization based in Brussels, Belgium. cars are fitted with a cellphone-sized device attached 4 to the underside of the dashboard which is activated by the same sensor that triggers the airbag in a crash. The device 5 include a cellphone circuit, a gPS positioning unit, and a microphone and loudspeaker.

　　It registers the severity of the crash by 6 reading the deceleration data from the airbag’s sensor. using gPS information, it works out which country the car is in, and from this it determines 7 in which language topose an alert message detailing precise location of the accident.

　　The device then automatically makes a call to the local emergency services 8 operator . If the car’s occupants are conscious, they canmunicate with the operator 9 via the speaker and microphone.

　　E-merge also transmits the vehicles make, model, color and license number, and its heading when it crashed, which in turn indicates on which side of a multi-lane highway it ended up.

　　This 10 helps the emergency services find the vehicle as soon as they arrive on the scene. “we can waste a large 11 amount of time searching for an incident,” says Jim Hammond, a (an) 12 expert in vehicle technology at the Association of chief Police officers in uK. Tests will begin soon with police car fleets in the uK. Trials have already started in germany, Sweden, Spain, the Netherlands and Italy.

　　In-car systems that summon the emergency services after a crash have 13 already been fitted in some premium cars. ERTIco says 14 if Eu states are willing to fund necessary infrastructure, E-merge could be working by 2009.

　　A study by French car maker Renault concluded that the system could save up to 6000 fo the 40,000 lives lost each year on Europe’s roads, and prevent a similar number of serious injuries.

　　The Renault study estimates that fitting E-merge to every car in Europe would eventually save around 150 billion per 15 year in terms of reduced costs to health services and insurancepanies, and fewer lost working days. www.gaofen123.com

　　撞毁汽车发送短信求助 (A)

　　没有什么地方是适于撞车的，但如果在有些地方发生事故却会更为糟糕。例如在国外，如果你不会当地语言却想通过无绳电话和对方解释你的车栽倒沟里，会大大延迟紧急事件处理部门求援的到来。

　　但现在人们可能找到了解决的办法。欧洲贸易委员会资助的研究员们正在开始测试一个叫做E-merge的系统。这个系统可以自动察觉到车祸并向紧急事件处理部门用当地语言发送文本信息告知事故地点。

　　这个系统是由一个位于比利时布鲁塞尔的名叫ERTIco交通研究机构开发。汽车可以在仪表板后面安装一个无绳电话大小的装置，然后由撞车后放出保护气囊的感应器一并带动工作。这个装置包含无线电话电路，全球定位系统单元，扬声器和喇叭。

　　这个装置可以通过安全气囊感应器上的减速数据记录下车祸的严重程度。利用全球定位系统信息查明汽车所在的国家。然后决定使用何种语言来组织记录详细车祸地点的警报信息。

　　接着装置就自动给当地紧急事件处理部门的接线员打电话。如果车时的人神智清醒，他(她)可以与接线员通过扬声器和喇叭直接交流。

　　E-merge 系统还可以发送车辆的牌子，型号，颜色，驾驶证号码以及撞车时的行驶方向的信息，这些信息会表明汽车是在具有多条行道的高速路的哪一边发生事故的。

　　这样就可以协助紧急救援事件处理部门尽快在事故地点找到车辆。英国的总警官联合会的车辆技术专家吉姆翰姆迪说：“我们可能会在搜索事故地点上浪费大量的时间。”测试将马上在英国警车队中实行。德国、挪威、西班牙、荷兰和意大利都已经开始了这个测试。

　　在车祸后可以调遣紧急事件处理部门的车辆内置系统已经安装在一些高档的汽车中了。ERTIco 说如果欧盟国家愿意出资建设必要的基础设施。E-merged 系统就可以在2009年运行。

　　法国雷诺汽车的一项研究的结论表明这个系统每年可以挽救在欧洲公路上丧生的4 000万人中的6 000人的生命，而且也能防止类似的严重伤情。

　　雷诺研究估测，如果在欧洲的每辆汽车上安装E-merge 系统，每年人们将会在医疗、保险和因事故损失的工作日方面节约1 500亿欧元。

　　wonder webs

　　Spider webs are more than homes, and they are ingenious traps. And the world’s best web spinner may be the golden orb weaver spider. The female orb weaver spins a web of fibers thin enough to be invisible to insect prey, yet __1_tough_ enough to snare a flying bird without breaking.

　　The secret of the web’s strength? A type of super-resilient __2_silk_ called dragline. when the female spider is ready to __3_weave_ the web’s spokes and frame, she uses her legs to draw the airy thread out through a hollow nozzle in her belly. Dragline is not sticky, so the spider can race back and forth along __4_it_ to spin the web’s trademark spiral.

　　unlike some spiders that weave a new web every day, a golden orb weaver __5_reuses_ her handiwork until it falls apart, sometimes not for two years. The silky thread is five times stronger than steel by weight and absorbs the force of an impact three times better than Kevlar, a high-strength human-made __6_material_ used in bullet-proof vests. And thanks to its high tensile strength, or the ability to resist breaking under the pulling force called tension, a single strand can stretch up to 40 percent longer than its original _7_length_ and snap back as well as new. No human-made fiber evenes _8_close_.

　　It is no __9_wonder_ manufacturers are clamoring for spider silk. In the consumer pipeline: High-performance fabrics for athletes and stockings that never run. Think parachute cords and suspension bridge cables. A steady __10_supply_ of spider silk would be worth billions of dollars – but how to produce it? Harvesting silk on spider farms does not __11_work_ because the territorial arthropods have a tendency to devour their neighbors.

　　Now, scientists at the biotechnologypany Nexia are spinning artificial silk modeled after golden orb dragline. The __12_first_ step: extract silk-making genes from the spiders. Next, implant the genes into goat egg cells. The nanny goats that grow from the eggs secrete dragline silk proteins in their __13_milk_. “The young goats pass on the silk-making gene without __14_any_ help from us,” says Nexia president Jeffrey Turner. Nexia is still perfecting the spinning process, but they hope artificial spider silk will soon be snagging customers __15_as fast as_ the real thing snags bugs.

　　奇妙的网 (c)

　　蜘蛛网对蜘蛛来说不仅仅是家，它们还是奇妙的引虫入网的陷阱。世界最棒的织网者可能是goldern orb weaver的蜘蛛。雌性的orb weaver可以织出很细的丝，连被捕的昆虫都看不见。但却是坚韧得可以将一只飞入网中的鸟缠住而不弄断。

　　那么蜘蛛网为何有如此强的力度呢?有一种网丝有超强的弹力，叫做蜘蛛的避敌丝。当雌性的蜘蛛准备编织蛛网的幅条和框架时，它就用腿从一个空的喷嘴里勾出轻飘飘的丝线，放到肚子里面。避敌丝不粘，因此蜘蛛可以沿着它来回活动编织，从而来编织网的标志性螺旋。

　　与某些种类的蜘蛛不同，它不用每天织新网，只要网不破，就能一直用下去，有时一用就两年。柔软如丝的蛛丝的强度比相同重量的钢丝大五倍。同时可以承受的力度比一种高强度的防弹衣的人工材料大三倍多。同时由于它有很强的张力，或者说一种能够抵住被弄断的往下的拉力。一根单线可以伸长至比原始长度长40%以上，然后重新弹回至原来的长度，还像新的一样。没有一种人造纤维可以与它相媲美。

　　因此，生产者们强烈要求蛛丝也就不足为奇了。在消费这一方面，人们强烈要求的是高质量的运动服和永不脱丝的长袜。试想一下另外如降落伞绳索和吊桥上的绳索。如果有稳定的蛛丝的供应，它将是一个价值上亿的产业，但问题是怎么样才能生产出稳定的蛛丝呢?试图以养蛛场收获蛛丝是行不通的，因为生长在那块地方的节肢动物有可能会吞掉它们的这些“邻居”。

　　现在，生物工艺公司“Nexifa”的科学家们正在研制一种仿制goldorn orb避敌丝的人工丝。第一步骤：从蜘蛛身上抽取制丝的基因，然后，将这些基因植入山羊的卵细胞中。由这些卵细胞发育生的雌山羊会在羊奶中分泌一种带丝的蛋白质。“Nexia”公司总裁吉弗利•特纳说：“这些幼山羊不须任何我们的帮助就可以将制丝基因遗传过去。”“Nexia”继续在完善它的制丝过程。但是他们希望这种人造蜘蛛丝能尽快地吸引住顾客，就像真正的蛛丝抓住昆虫一样。是因为它对天体有影响，而不是它可以被看到或测出。

　　但是在宇宙中最具决定性力量的是“暗能量”。天文学家说，这是一种引起宇宙中星系以越来越快的速度分开的力量。

　　有一位科学家说，很明显，暗物质和暗能量之间开展了一场万有引力间的拔河比赛，最后，暗能量获胜。 www.gaofen123.com

　　三级文章(已考查)

　　Animal's "Sixth Sense" (c)

　　A tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian ocean in December, 2004. It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa. wild animals, 1 , seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. This phenomenon adds weight to notions that1 they possess a "sixth sense" for 2 , experts said.

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