七.碱
1、低价态的还原性：
4Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O===4Fe(OH)3
2、与酸性物质的作用：
2NaOH+SO2(少量)==Na2SO3+H2O
OH–+SO2=SO32–+H2O
NaOH+SO2(足)==NaHSO3
OH-+SO2(足)=HSO3–
2NaOH+SiO2==Na2SiO3+H2O
OH-+SiO2=SiO32–+H2O
2NaOH+Al2O3==2NaAlO2+H2O
2OH-+Al2O3=2AlO2–+H2O
2KOH+Cl2==KCl+KClO+H2O
Cl2+2OH–=Cl–+ClO–+H2O
NaOH+HCl==NaCl+H2O
H++OH =H2O
NaOH+H2S(足)==NaHS+H2O
OH–+H2S=HS–+H2O
2NaOH+H2S(少量)==Na2S+2H2O
2OH–+H2S=S2–+2H2O
3NaOH+AlCl3==Al(OH)3↓+3NaCl
3OH–+Al3+=Al(OH)3↓
NaOH+Al(OH)3==NaAlO2+2H2O (AlCl3和Al(OH)3哪个酸性强?)
OH–+Al(OH)3=AlO2–+2H2O
Ca(OH)2+2NH4Cl 2CaCl2+2NH3↑+2H2O (实验室制NH3)
NaOH+NH4Cl NaCl+NH3↑+H2O
Mg(OH)2+2NH4Cl==MgCl2+2NH3??H2O (Al(OH)3+NH4Cl不溶解)
Ba(OH)2+H2SO4==BaSO4↓+2H2O
2H++2OH–+Ba2++SO42–=BaSO4↓2H2O
3、不稳定性:
Mg(OH)2 MgO+H2O 2Al(OH)3 Al2O3+3H2O
2Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3+3H2O Cu(OH)2 CuO+H2O 2AgOH==Ag2O+H2O