本文为2013高考英语词汇单词速记技巧,供广大即将面临高考的学生作复习参考。
第一,过单词用法关
从用法上复习归纳词汇,过语法关。英语词汇大多具有本身词义外,还有其语法功能,我们在复习时就不要把着眼点单纯放在单词记忆上,而要从它们的语法功能上去把握它们。如在复习动词时我们就要根据它们变化形式多、搭配活跃等特点,从它们 的用法上进行分类记忆。这样,既可记住词汇,又可攻克语法难关,一举两得。
1.宾语不同,意义也不同
英语中有些动词可同时后接不定式和动名词作宾语,但意义不同。它们是高考试题的考查重点。这类词主要有:
go on doing(继续干同一件事) go on to do(接着去干另一件事)
stop doing sth.(停止正在干的事) stop to do sth.(停下来去干某事)
regret doing(后悔干了某事) regret to do(相当于be sorry to do很遗憾地去做某事)
forget/remember doing(忘记/记得已做过的事) forget/remember to do(忘记/记得要干的事)
mean doing(意味着干…) mean to do(打算干…)
try doing(尝试做某事) try to do(设法做某事)
2.可接宾语和宾补,形式却不同
某些动词如forbid, advise, allow, permit, admit, consider等直接接动词作宾语要用动名词,但接宾补时,宾补要用不定式。如:
We forbid smoking here.(宾语)
We forbid you to smoke here.(宾补)
You are forbidden to smoke here.(主补)
3.宾语不同、语态不同,意义却相同
有些词如need, require, want, deserve等后可接不定式(要用被动形式),可接动名词(要用主动形式表被 动意义),可与worth, worthy一并记忆。两种形式意义相同。如:
The room requires to be cleaned/cleaning.
This sentence needs improving.
4.接不定式作宾语的词和词组
接不定式作宾语的词和词组有:decide,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,happen,seem,make up one's mind, used to , be about to, be able to ,have to 等。如:
She pretended not to see me when I passed by.
5.接动名词作宾语的词和词组
接动名词作宾语的词和词组:mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,escape,keep,suggest,appreciate,practise,delay,finish,feel like, look forward to, can't help, keep(on),miss, be used to, excuse, be worth, imagine ,put off, give up等。
6.系动词
系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语,这类词有:
表感观的系动词:look, sound, taste, smell, feel, seem, appear(这些词用形容词作表语)
表变化的系动词:become, get, turn, grow, make, come, go, fall, run
表依旧的系动词:remain, keep, stay, continue, stand, rest, lie, hold
可带名词作表语的系动词:be, become, make, look, sound, fall, prove, remain, turn(该词后接的单数名词前多数不用冠词。如:He turned teacher.)
7.含"被动"意味的动词
有些动词如:sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,
tear,wear,pull, clean, add, cook, let(出租)等,它们的主语是事物,且又是表示主语的固有特征和状态,与行为方式状语连 用时,要用主动形式表被动意义。如:
My pen writes smoothly.我的笔好写。
Oil burns easily.油易燃烧。
8.具有两种形式的易混动词
英语教材中有些不规则动词有两种过去式或两种过去分词形式,使用或考试时极易弄混。如:
hang, hanged, hanged(绞死) hang, hung, hung(挂起)
light, lit, lit, lighted , lighted
bear, bore, born bore, borne
The woman ,who was born in 1940,has borne five children.
lie(撒谎), lied, lied, lying lie(躺,卧,位于),lay, lain, lying 如:
Do you know the boy lying under the big tree?
第二,过固定短语关
从搭配上复习归纳词汇,过习语关
英语词汇的搭配十分活跃,复习时我们要把重点放在某些常用的动词、名词或介词、副词。我们可按下列 方式进行对比归纳。
1.常用的搭配活跃的名词:
常用的搭配较活跃的名词有:time, way, moment ,means等。如time的搭配短语在教材中出现有:
in no time(立刻,马上),on time(按时),in time(及时、迟早、最终),at a time(一次),behind the times(落伍),behind time(不及时,晚点),at one time(曾经),for a time(一度),at times(有时候),at all times(一直,经常)
2.常用的搭配活跃的动词:
常用的搭配活跃的动词有:look, take, make, give, get, have, go, do, turn, put, set, come等。复习时我们要尽量将具有相反意义的介词、副词与同一动词的搭配罗列在一起对比记忆,如turn一词:
turn on(打开),turn off(关上),turn up(放大音量,出现),turn down(放小音量等,拒绝) ,turn in(上交),turn against(反对),turn out(结果是),turn away(避开)
3.常用的搭配活跃的介词、副词:
搭配活跃的介词、副词有:in, out, up, down, on, off, to, from , for ,over, with等。复习时,我们要从不同动 词、名词等与同一介词、副词搭配进行逐一过关,如on的搭配有:
①on与动词的搭配:
take on(呈现) get on(上车,进展等),live on(以…为生),feed on(以…为生),turn on(打开开关/电器等),look on(旁观),spy on(侦察/窥探),call on(号召;拜访),go on(继续 ),have on(穿戴),depend on(依靠),carry on(执行),hold on(坚持),insist on(坚持),play tricks on(戏弄),fix on(注视),impress on(使意识到)
②on与名词搭配(注意冠词的取舍):
on duty(值班),on business(出差),on fire(燃烧),on show(展览),on time(准时),on strike(罢工),on watch(监视,观察),on sale(出售;减价出售),on earth(到底,究竟),on journey(旅游),on foot(步行),on purpose(故意),on the way(在路上),on the contrary(相 反),on the one hand(一方面),on the right(在右边),on the whole(总而言之),on one's own(独自 ),on one's side(支持,站在某一方),on holiday/leave(度假/请假)
③其它情况:
later on(后来),from now/then on(从现在/那时起),on account of(由于,因为)