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高一英语必修一语法复习提纲

日期:10-31 19:39:41 | 高一英语 | 浏览次数: 767 次 | 收藏

标签:高一英语,http://www.gaofen123.com 高一英语必修一语法复习提纲,
一。 直接引语和间接引语     (一)直接引述别人的原话,叫做直接引语;用自己话转述别人的话,叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内,间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时,除将引语部分变成宾语从句外,还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。     1. 时态的变化:直接引语变为间接引语时,通常受转述动词said,     asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态,即把原来的时态向过去推,也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时,现在进行时变为过去进行时,等等。例如:     Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”     →Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.     2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化: 根据意义进行相应的变化,例如:     She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”     →She asked Jack where he had been.     He said,“These books are mine.”     →He said that those books were his.     (二)直接引语改为间接引语时,都使用陈述语序,但是因为原句的句式不同,所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。直接引语如果是一般疑问句,用连接词whether或if;如果是特殊疑问句,则用疑问词引导间接引语。转述的动词一般用asked,可以在其后加上一个间接宾语me,him,her,us等。     例如:     She said,“Is your father at home?”     →She asked me if/whether my father was at home.     “What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.     →My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.     直接引语如果是祈使句,改为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式,并在不定式的前面根据原句的语气(即请求或命令)加上ask,tell,order等动词,如果祈使句为否定式,则在不定式前加not。其句型为:ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something.     例如:     She said to us,“Please sit down.”     →She asked us to sit down.     He said to him,“Go away!”     →He ordered him to go away.     He said,“Don’t make so much noise,boys.”     →He told the boys not to make so much noise.     二。 各种时态的被动语态     被动语态概述     被动语态的概念:它是动词的一种形式,表示主语与谓语之间的执行或被执行关系。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者,例如:They saw thelittle boy crying by the river. 被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者,例如:The little boy was seencrying by the river.     被动语态的构成     被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化。几种常见时态的被动语态形式如下:     1. 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词     例如:Rice is planted in the south of China.     2. 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词     例如:These trees were planted the year before last.     3. 一般将来时 will/shall + be + 过去分词     例如:A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.     4. 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + 过去分词     例如:Your radio is being repaired now.     5. 过去进行时 was/were + being + 过去分词     When he got there,the problem was being discussed.     6. 现在完成时 have/has + been + 过去分词     His work has been finished.     Has his work been finished?Yes,it has. / No,it hasn’t.     7. 过去完成时 had + been + 过去分词     注意:     1.除了be之外的其它系动词如get,stay等也可以和过去分词构成被动语态。例如:Their questions haven’t got answered.     2. 含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态使用“情态动词+ be + 过去分词”结构。     例如:More attention should be paid to the old in this country.     This work can’t be done until Mr. Black comes.     3. 含有“be going to”,“be to”等结构的谓语,其被动语态分别用“be going to + be + 过去分词”和“be to+ be + 过去分词”。     例如:The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.     All these books are to be taken to the library.     4.被动语态与系表结构的区别:“连系动词+用作表语的过去分词”构成的系表结构,与被动语态的形式完全一样,所以应注意它们的区别。被动语态中的过去分词是动词,多强调动作;系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词,多强调状态。前者通常可用by引出动作的执行者,而后者则不可以。     例如:The map was changed by someone.(被动结构)     That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表结构)     系表结构中的过去分词通常可被very修饰,被动语态中的过去分词往往要用much修饰。     例如:He was very excited.(系表结构)     He was much excited by her words.(被动结构)     5. 主动形式表被动意义。有些动词的主动形式有被动意味,如 open,read,sell,shut,wash,wear,write等。此时句子的主语一般是物。     例如:These books sell well. 这些书很畅销。     The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。     The clothes wash well. 这些衣服很好洗。
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