高一英语必修四语法复习——主谓一致

标签：高一英语,http://www.gaofen123.com 高一英语必修四语法复习——主谓一致,
（一）概述：   　　主语与谓语的一致：在英语表达中，谓语动词的形式要和主语的人称和数保持一致。主要体现在动词，助动词 do,have 以及一般现在时态中的动词形式。   　　谓语动词与主语保持一致的基本原则：语法一致，就近一致和意义一致。   　　名词或代词做主语有人称和单，复数之分，动词的单数就是第三人称单数形式，而动词的复数形式动词的原形。   　　例句：   　　1. Iam seventeen,andhe is sixteen.   　　2. Thereis a deskin theroom, butthere areno chairsin it.   　　3. John getsup atsix o’clock everymorning.   　　4. Whatis thelatest news about the Olympic Games ?   　　5. The family aresitting atthe breakfasttable.   　　（二）语法一致：   　　1. 由and连接的两个名词或代词做主语：   　　（1）这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物，谓语动词用复数形式。   　　例句：   　　① My brotherandI havebothseenthat film.   　　② Both riceandwheat aregrown in thispartof China.   　　③ The poet andthe novelistwere bothpresent at themeeting.   　　④ Reading, writing and arithmeticarecalled thethree R’s.   　　（2）这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物，谓语动词用单数形式。   　　例句：   　　① The professorand writer is speaking atthemeeting.   　　② War andpeace is a constanttheme in history.   　　③ Onemore knife andforkis needed.   　　④ The statesman and poet was engagedin warfareall his life.   　　⑤ Law andorderhas been established.   　　⑥ Breadand butteris ourdaily food.   　　⑦ Fishand chipsis a popularfast food.   　　⑧ The starsandstripes is thenational flagof U.S.A.   　　（3）这部分主语前面有each, every,many a,no 等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。   　　例句：   　　① Each doctor and（each）nurse was givena new shirt.   　　② No sound andno voiceis heard.   　　③ Many a boyand girlhas madethe same mistake.   　　④ Every minute andeverysecond is precious.   　　2. 动名词，不定式，主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。   　　例句：   　　① Reading is a great pleasurein life.   　　② Tolive means to create.   　　③ That we need more time is obvious.   　　④ What is neededis food and medicine.   　　3. 表示时间，金钱，距离，重量的复数名词表示数量做主语时，被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式 。   　　例句：   　　① Threethousand miles is along distance.   　　② Eight hours ofsleep is enough.   　　4. 不定代词 anyone, anything, everyone,everything, someone,something, noone, nothing, each the other 等做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。   　　例句：   　　① Is anybody goingtotell him thenews ?   　　② Someone wants to seeyou.   　　（三）就近原则   　　由连词 or, either…or,neither…nor,not only…but also, 连接的两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词和离它最近的哪个名词或代词的人称和数一致。   　　例句：   　　1. Eitheryouor Jean is to besentto New Zealand.   　　2. Not only his family butalso helikes Chaplin’s movies.   　　3. Neither Tomnor theBrowns enjoy theirjourney toBeijing owing tothe badweather.   　　4. GeorgeorTomis wanted.   　　注意：There be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。   　　例句：   　　1. Therearen’t anyletters in the mail foryou today.   　　2. Thereis a lamp, two pens andthree books on thedesk.   　　3. Here aresome envelopes andpaper foryou.   　　名词后面带有 with, alongwith, together with, besides, except, but, like, including, as well as,rather than短语共同做主语时，谓语动词与这些短语前面的那个名词的数一致。   　　例句：   　　1. All but one were herejustnow.   　　2. A library with fivethousand books is offered to that nation as a gift.   　　3. An expert,togetherwith some assistants, was sent tohelpin this work.   　　4. Youas well as Iare wrong.   　　（四）意义一致   　　1. 代词none, neither, all的不可数形式还是复数形式由它们指的内容决定。   　　例句：   　　（1）All hope has gone.   　　（2）All areagreed onthis point.   　　（3）-Is thereany milk inthe fridge? -No, there is none.   　　（4）None has returned fromthemeeting.   　　2. 集合名词group, class,family, army, enemy,team等名词的单，复数形式根据它们强调的内容而定。   　　例句：   　　（1）The class were all cheerful.   　　（2）The teamwere takingoversome newplays.   　　（3）The group arereadingthe newspapers.   　　（4）The army is goingtoremain in this town.   　　（5）The army haverescued thetravelers.   　　3. 限定词短语 all of…； none of…； a lotof…； 以及分数/百分数+of …修饰名词构成的名词短语做主语时，谓语动词的形式由 of 后面的名词形式决定。   　　例句：   　　（1）None of thesesuggestionsare veryhelpful.   　　（2）I don’t thinkany ofus wants to work tomorrow.   　　（3）Two-fifthsof thestudents in theclass arefromArabic-speakingcountries.   　　难点突破   　　1. 主谓一致的考查主要体现在单项选择和短文改错两个题型中。同学们在练习和应试时，遇到这样的题时，要牢记主谓一致的三个基本原则。一定要根据句子内容抓住关键的主语部分。同时还要考虑句子的时态和语态。   　　2. oneof+复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词与复数名词一致。theonly oneof+复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。   　　例句：   　　Jim was one ofthe boyswho were latefor class.   　　Jim was the onlyone ofthe boyswho was late forclass.   　　【典型例题】   　　[例1] E-mail, as well as telephones,_____animportant partindaily communication.   　　A. is playing B. haveplayed C. areplaying D. play   　　分析：带有as well as 短语的名词做主语时，谓语动词与这个名词的人称和数一致，不受as well as 短语内容的影响。E-mail 是单数形式，故选择 A。   　　[例2] EitherJohn orhis friends _____ toblame forthe badresults.   　　A. are B. is C. was D. hasbeen   　　分析：either…or连接两个名词做主语时，其谓语动词与离它最近的名词的数和人称一致，本题中his friends 决定了谓语动词的形式，故选择 A。   　　[例3] The conductorand composer_____bya crowd of people.   　　A. aregreeted B. is greeted C. greets D. havebeen greeted   　　分析：根据句意，主语部分的The conductorand composer 是指一个人即：乐队指挥兼作曲家， 所以主语的内容是单数形式，故选择 B。   　　[例4] -The trousers _____you well, madam.   　　-But thecolour_____me.   　　A.fit; don’t suit B. fits; doesn’t suit C. fits; don’tsuit D. fit;doesn’tsuit   　　分析：trousers,clothes, glasses,等名词本身就是复数形式。谓语动词用复数形式。Colour 是单数，谓语用单数，故选择 D。   　　[例5] The Smith’s family, which _____ rathera large one, _____ veryfond of theiroldhouse.   　　A. were; were B. was; were C. were; was D. was; was   　　分析：family 指“家庭”为单数，指“家庭成员”为复数形式。第一空格前的 which 指“家庭” 谓语用 was. 第二空格后的 fond of指“家庭成员喜欢他们的老房子” 谓语为 were，故选择B。   　　[例6] He is theonly oneofthe students who _____a winner ofscholarship forthree years.   　　A. is B. are C. havebeen D. hasbeen   　　分析：当定语从句先行词是“oneof +复数形式”时， 其后的从句谓语动词用复数形式。而当 one之前有the only时， 定语从句则强调 the only one，谓语动词用单数。另外，题目中的时间状语for three years表明从句的时态为现在完成时，故选择D。   　　[例7] Threefifths ofthe police_____in theschool nearthe town.   　　A. has trained B. havetrained C. has been trained D. havebeen trained   　　分析：分数+名词做主语时，谓语动词的形式由分数所指的名词的形式（可数名词或不可数名词）决定，police 是集合名词为复数形式，根据句子意思，police 与train 为被动关系，应用被动语态，故选择D。   　　短文改错片段：   　　1. Now my pictureandthe prize is hangingin the library.   　　分析：本句中主语 Now my pictureandthe prize 是复数形式，谓语动词 is 应改为are.   　　2. Sometimes, we talkedto eachother verywell in class, butafter class we becomestranger atonce.   　　分析：本句第一行，根据全篇内容的语境，应当是一般现在时，所以谓语动词talked改为 talk.   　　第二行 ：根据句意：我们下课后立刻又成了陌生人。Stranger应当与主语 we 一致，改为复数形式，strangers.   　　3. Butnot all information aregood to society.   　　分析：主语 information是不可数名词，are应改为 is   　　【模拟试题】   　　1. -Is there anybody in theclassroom ?   　　-No, theteacher,together with thestudents _____ totheplayground.   　　A. go B. went C. hasgone D. havegone   　　2. -Arethese your sheep ?   　　-No. Mine _____ongrass at thefoot of thehill.   　　A. arefeeding B. feed C. is fed D. is feeding   　　3.Sitting at theback ofthe roombut in frontof some old men andwomen _____a very girl with two bright eyes.   　　A. was B. are C. were D. there was   　　4. Mr. Bush,together with his wife anddaughter_____goingto Japan next week.   　　A. are B. is C. will be D. would be   　　5. Not the teacherbut thestudents _____ excited.   　　A. is B. has C. are D. have   　　6. As I haveameeting at four, tenminutes _____all that I canspareto talkwith you.   　　A. are B. was C. is D. were   　　7. _____of theland inthat district_____covered with trees and grass.   　　A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifths; are C. Two fifth;are D. Two fifths;is   　　【试题答案】   　　1. C   　　分析：本题考查的主谓一致的内容与上一题相同，从句子的语境判断，应当用现在完成时。   　　2. A   　　分析：mine 指 my sheep 为复数形式。是主动语态。   　　3. A   　　分析：本句为倒装句。主语是 a veryshy girlwith two bright eyes.核心主语是 avery shygirl，为单数 ，全句为过去时。   　　4. B   　　分析：全句的核心主语是 Mr. Bush，为单数，全句为将来时。   　　5. C   　　分析：运用就近原则，谓语动词和主语 thestudents 一致，此处为主系表结构，用be 动词。   　　6. C   　　分析：主语 tenminutes 表示时间，被视为一个整体，为单数形式。全句是现在时。   　　7. D   　　分析：本句核心主语是 land，为单数形式，同时注意分数的表达形式。 TAG:高一英语