1.take : 拿走
take sb. / sth. to someplace;
take sth. with you
bring: 带来
bring sth for a picnic
It’s going to rain, please take an umbrella with you.
You’d better finish your homework today and bring it to school tomorrow.
2.keep + 名词 + 形容词
Keep the windows open, it’s hot here.
keep sb doing sth
I’m sorry I’ve kept you waiting for a long time.
keep表示“借”用于和一段时间连用：
How long can I keep this book?
3.let / make / have sb do sth
让（使）某人干某事
Let’s go to the zoo!
How did he make the baby stop crying?
4.forget to do sth
忘记去做某事
remember to do sth
记得去做某事
forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
remember doing sth
记得做过某事
5.stop to do sth
停下来做另一件事情
stop doing sth
停止正在做的事情
stop sb from doing sth
阻止某人干某事
Let’s stop to have a test, it’s too hot today.
When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking.
We plant trees to stop the wind from blowing the earth away.
begin / start to do sth
6.tell / ask sb to do sth
否定形式 tell / ask sb not to do sth.
Policemen asked us not to play on the road , it was too dangerous.
Our P.E. teacher told us a story
yesterday.
7.see / hear / watch sb do sth
see/ hear /watch sb doing sth
I heard him singing in the room when I passed by.
8.enjoy sth ; enjoy doing sth ;
enjoy oneself = have a good time
Our classmates went to the zoo last Sunday. They enjoyed themselves.
9.be busy with sth;
be busy doing sth
They are all busy with their work.
10.finish doing sth.
Tom didn’t go to bed until he finished writing the composition.
11.wantsth/to do sth/sb to do sth
would likesth/to do sth/sb to do sth
feel like doing sth.
He didn’t feel like eating anything.
12.had better do sth
否定形式：had better not do sth
You’d better not sing here, the baby is asleep.
13.Why not do sth ?=why don’t you do sth ?=Why didn’t you do sth ?
Why not come with me?
14.What about sth/what about doing sth ?
=How about -----?
How about playing basketball with us?
15.Thank you for sth /Thanks for doing sth.Thanks for your help.
------------It’s a pleasure.
Thanks very much for helping me.
16.instead往往放在句首或句尾
instead of sth/instead of doing sth.
通常放中间
He didn’t go to the park. He went to the cinema instead.
He went to the cinema instead of going to the park
17.put on 强调动作
wear 强调状态
in 介词，构成一个短词
Put on your old clothes tomorrow, because we’ll do some cleaning.
Kate is wearing a red sweater today.
The man in a blue suit is Mr. Li
18.在if 引导的条件状语从句、以when , before, after , as soon as 引导的时间状语从句， 当主句是：一般将来时态、含情态动词或祈使句的情况下，从句用一般现在时表示将来时。
We’ll go hiking if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
it doesn’t rain=it isn’t rainy I’ll tell her the good news as soon as I see her.
同样的情况还适用于not ---- until 句型I won’t go to bed until I finish my homework.
19.在以when引导的时间状语从句， 当从句是一般过去时态时，主句往往用过去进行时，表示在过去的某一时刻正在发生或正在进行的动作：
They were having supper when I got to their home.
20.It’s time for sth /It’s time to do sth /It’s time for sb to do sth.It’s time for us to start our lesson now.
21.It takes /It took /It will takesomebody some time to do something.
It took them twenty minutes to finish the cleaning.
It will take us about ten hours to finish our homework.
22.it 作形式主语或形式宾语，其真正的主语或宾语是后面带to 的动词不定式：
It’s necessary to learn English well.
We found it difficult to work out the maths problems.
23.too ----to 句型，too ---- for sb todo sth ----，对某人来说太-----以致于不能-----
The apples on the tree are too high for me to reach.
Kate is too young to go to school.
24.enough 用法：形前名后， big enough
;enough food
----- enough to do sth
足够-------能够-------
Jim is old enough to go to school.
25.little , a little 修饰不可数名词 ;
much 修饰不可数
few a few 修饰可数名词；
many 修饰可数
a little
a few 具有肯定含义little few 具有否定含义
some, any , a lot of = lots of 既可以 修饰不可数，也可以修饰可数名词；
There is a little time left, take it easy.
We’d better go shopping ,there are few eggs left.
Mr. Little doesn’t have much money. （否定句中常用much而不用a lot of ）
26.much too 中心词是too, 常修饰形容词，
It’s much too cold today,
we should wear warm clothes.
too much中心词是much, 常修饰不可数名词，
There’s too much water,
please be careful
27.有关情态动词的问答：
May I ------?
No, you can’t.
No, you mustn’t.
Must I /we-----?
No, you needn’t.