3. 被动语态中值得注意的问题:
(1) 带有双宾语的动词,可以把任何一个宾语变被动,一般在间接宾语前加适当的介词。My father gave me a book ./ I was given a book by my father ./ A book was given to me by my father .
(2) 英语中有些动词用主动语态表示被动语态。The cloth washes well ./ This kind of bags sells well. / The shoes wear long. / The knife cuts well . / The pen writes smoothly . / This coat lasts long .
(3) 在英语中有时"be + V-ed"结构并不是被动语态,而是系表结构。The mountains were covered with snow .
(4) 在"主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语"的结构中,要补留宾语补足语。We found the door broken. / The door was found broken.
(5) 宾语补足语为省to的不定式,变为被动语态后,要还原to。He made me laugh. / I was made to laugh .
(6) 如果短语动词是及物动词时,可以用被动语态,但不能遗漏所含的介词或副词。The nurse looked after the baby ./ The baby was looked after by the nurse . / We must make up for the lessons we missed. / The lessons we missed must be made up for .
(7) 下列情况不能用被动语态:
A. 不及物动词: The accident happened on a busy road yesterday .
B. 连系动词: The girl looks like her sister .
C. 宾语为反身代词:He always dresses himself neatly .
D. 宾语为相互代词:The students often help each other .
E. 同源宾语:At that time, they lived a happy life .
F. 表示状态的及物动词:I have a new car. / The book cost me 30 yuan .
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